This review evaluates the available literature on cardiovascular magnetic resonance sequences for assessing intramyocardial hemorrhage after reperfused myocardial infarction.
This review evaluates the available literature on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance sequences to assess intramyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction following reperfused myocardial infarction.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a useful noninvasive technique for determining the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH), frequently occurring in patients after reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). MVO, or the so-called no-reflow phenomenon, is associated with adverse ventricular remodeling and a poor prognosis during follow-up. Similarly, IMH is considered a severe damage after revascularization by percutaneous primary coronary intervention (PPCI) or fibrinolysis, which represents a worse prognosis. However, the pathophysiology of IMH is not fully understood and imaging modalities might help to better understand that phenomenon. While, during the past decade, several studies examined the distribution patterns of late gadolinium enhancement with different CMR sequences, the standardized CMR protocol for assessment of IMH is not yet well established. The aim of this review is to evaluate the available literature on this issue, with particular regard to CMR sequences. New techniques, such as positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), could be useful tools to explore molecular mechanisms of the myocardial infarction healing process.
Calvieri et al. (Thu,) conducted a review in Reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) with intramyocardial hemorrhage. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was evaluated. This review evaluates the available literature on cardiovascular magnetic resonance sequences for assessing intramyocardial hemorrhage after reperfused myocardial infarction.