"I Can Walk Both Ways" Identity Integration of American Indians in Oklahoma

This article analyzes the identity experience of American Indians in Oklahoma. The state offers a sociocultural milieu in which life activities of Indians closely interface with those of non-Indians in relative harmony. Berry's (1970, 1980, 1990) acculturation model serves as a conceptual template to help locate different modes of Oklahoma Indians' identity experience. Kim's (1988, 1995a, 1995b, in press) communication theory of cross-cultural adaptation provides the basis far offering a multidimensional system far explaining the linkage between identity experience and other facets of cross-cultural adaptation. The analysis uses portions of both the quantitative data and the verbal transcripts obtained through 182 one-on-one interviews during 1988 to 1989 at six research sites in the state. Results show a preponderance of integrative identity mixed with varying degrees of separatist orientation. Evidence is also provided for Kim's theoretical articulation of cultural-intercultural identity continuum. Positive correlations are seen between identity integration, interpersonal engagement with non-Indians, functional fitness, and psychological health.