Improving Tsunami Forecast Skill Using Deep Ocean Observations

Tsunamis are an ever-present threat to lives and property along the coasts of most of the world's oceans. The Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, which killed over 230,000 people, compels us to be more proactive in developing ways to reduce tsunami impact on our global society. Since 1997, the United States has used a joint state/federal partnership to reduce tsunami hazards along US coastlines—the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. By integrating hazard assessment, warning guidance and mitigation activities, the program has created a roadmap and a set of tools to make communities more resilient to local and distant tsunamis. Among the tools are forecasting, educational programs, and design guidance for communities to become tsunami resilient. This article focuses on the technology required to produce accurate, reliable tsunami forecasts.