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The Data Independent Accessing Model (DIAM) represents a constructive combination of the formal mathematical and the evolutionary pragmatic approaches to a Generalized Data Base Management System. It aims at a complete separation between the user's (application programmer's) model of real-world objects, events, and the relationships among them, and the internal representation of those objects, events, and relationships. At the same time, it aims at complete flexibility of internal representation in terms of simple specifications, the effects of which are easy to understand.
Astrahan et al. (Sat,) studied this question.