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Nonequilibrium steady-state flows governed by time-reversible equations of motion are described in terms of unstable periodic orbits. Important properties, such as transport coefficients and the multifractal spectrum, are related to the difference in probability of observing periodic orbits and their time reverses. We apply the theory to the periodic Lorentz gas driven by a constant external field and numerically calculate the conductivity.
William Vance (Mon,) studied this question.