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The computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasonographic (US) appearances of retained surgical sponges are described. In each case, the presence of a sponge was confirmed at repeat operation. CT examinations were performed in nine patients. In six cases, a low-density mass was demonstrated; in two cases, a complex mass with areas of both low and medium density was seen. The remaining case was a high-density mass. After intravenous administration of contrast material, dense and prolonged enhancement of the rim of the mass was noted in five of eight cases. Calcification was found in four cases, and spongiform gas in one. US performed in six patients revealed an echogenic area with strong acoustic shadowing in three cases and a complex mass, a hypoechoic mass, and a cystic mass with irregular internal echoes in one case each. Granuloma caused by a retained surgical sponge should be considered as a cause of an abdominal mass in patients with a history of prior abdominal surgery.
Kokubo et al. (Sun,) studied this question.