Biological sex and sex hormones significantly influence cardiac function and disease outcomes, with estrogen considered cardioprotective and testosterone detrimental to heart function.
Biological sex plays an important role in normal cardiac physiology as well as in the heart's response to cardiac disease. Women generally have better cardiac function and survival than do men in the face of cardiac disease; however, this is progressively lost when comparing postmenopausal women with age matched men. Animal model of cardiac disease mirror what is seen in humans. Sex hormones contribute significantly to sex based difference in cardiac functioning and in its disease outcome. Estrogen is considered to be cardioprotective, whereas testosterone is detrimental to heart function.
K. Prabhavathi (Wed,) conducted a review in Cardiac disease. Biological sex and sex hormones was evaluated. Biological sex and sex hormones significantly influence cardiac function and disease outcomes, with estrogen considered cardioprotective and testosterone detrimental to heart function.