A review of pest surveillance techniques for detecting quarantine pests in Europe

This paper provides reviews of the most commonly used methods to detect plant pests belonging to groups of invasive organisms with high economic relevance, including C oleoptera (bark beetles, flathead borers, leaf beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils), D iptera (cone and seed flies, fruit flies), H omoptera (aphids, leafhoppers and psyllids, whiteflies), L epidoptera (moths and butterflies), T hysanoptera (thrips), bacteria (potato brown rot R alstonia solanacearum ) and fungi (pitch canker disease G ibberella circinata , brown rot disease M onilinia fructicola ). Future perspectives in detection methods are discussed, with particular reference to the considerable increase in the volume, commodity type and origins of trade in plant material from third countries, the introduction of new crops, the continuous expansion of the EU with new border countries being added, and the impact of climate change affecting the geographical boundaries of pests and their vectors.