Research Review: Birth by caesarean section and development of autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Delivery by CS is associated with a modest increased odds of ASD, and possibly ADHD, when compared to vaginal delivery. Although the effect may be due to residual confounding, the current and accelerating rate of CS implies that even a small increase in the odds of disorders, such as ASD or ADHD, may have a large impact on the society as a whole. This warrants further investigation.