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We propose a combined magnetic method using a scaling power-law rule and initial permeability in magnetic minor hysteresis loops for characterization of ferromagnetic α′ martensites in austenitic stainless steel. The scaling power law between the hysteresis loss and remanence is universal, being independent of volume fraction of strain-induced α′ martensites. A coefficient of the power law largely decreases with volume fraction, while the initial permeability linearly increases, reflecting a change in the morphology and quantity of martensites, respectively. The present method is highly effective for integrity assessment of austenitic stainless steels because of the sensitivity and extremely low measurement field.
Kobayashi et al. (Mon,) studied this question.