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One-dimensional hydrogen-bonded complex Zn(bpe)(2)(H(2)O)(4)(NO(3))(2).8/3 H(2)O.2/3 bpe (1, bpe=4,4'-bipyridylethylene) containing coordination complex cations Zn(bpe)(2)(H(2)O)(4)(2+) with parallel and crisscross double bonds undergoes photochemical 2+2 cycloaddition in the solid state and produces tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb) in up to 100 % yield with rctt-tpcb (2a) as major and rtct-tpcb (2b) as minor product. The bpe ligands with crisscross conformation of C=C bonds appear to undergo pedal-like motion prior to photodimerization. Grinding single crystals to powder accelerates the pedal motion of crisscrossed olefins in the bpe ligands to parallel alignment and provides the rctt-cyclobutane stereoisomer 2a quantitatively. In addition, 100 % photodimerization of ground 1 indicates that the free bpe ligands, which are remote from each other in a pool of water, and NO(3)(-) ions moved toward each other to give a mixture of rctt- and rtct-tpcb isomers.
Peedikakkal et al. (2008) studied this question.