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The advent of Massive Open Online Courses makes it essential to develop tools and techniques that automatically support computer science students in solving programming assignments. Complementing existing tools for automatically checking the correctness of students' programs, we have developed and evaluated an incremental hint system for programming exercises. The hint system displays, upon request from a student, a series of hints on how to approach a solution. The hints are created in advance from the source code of the exercise's reference solution using our hint generation tool. This tool can run in fully automatic mode, where hints reveal more and more parts of the solution code; in manual mode, where teachers can customize hints by annotating the input source code; and in a combination of the two modes. We evaluated the hint system throughout our Introduction to Programming course which provides a companion online course. The findings suggest that students who needed assistance with an exercise used the hint system and found it helpful to guide them through the process of building a solution.
Antonucci et al. (Mon,) studied this question.