Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A critical factor in the formation of galaxies may be the presence of a black-body radiation of the Universe. An important property of this radiation is that it would serve to prevent the formation of gravitationally bound systems, whether galaxies or stars, until the Universe has expanded to a critical epoch. There is good reason to expect the presence of black-body radiation in an evolutionary cosmology, and it may be possible to observe such radiation directly.
P. J. E. Peebles (Mon,) studied this question.