Relation of Early Socialization Experiences to Self-Concepts and Gender Role in Middle Childhood

5 self-concept scales and an M-F instrument were given to 84 girls and 75 boys, all sixth grade. Their mothers had been interviewed (Patterns of Child Rearing) 7 years earlier. For both sexes, high self-concepts were significantly associated with (1) high reading and arithmetic achievement, (2) small family size, (3) early ordinal position, and (4) high maternal and paternal warmth. For boys only, high self-concept was associated with (5) low father dominance in husband-wife relations. In both sexes, femininity was associated with poor self-concepts.