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We report the first observation of Bragg scattering of sodium atoms from a standing light wave. We also present a theory which quantitatively predicts the amplitude of the various Bragg orders as a function of the light's detuning and power, and the interaction time. The analog of the Pendellouml---sung effect, previously observed in Bragg scattering of neutrons from crystals, is predicted and qualitatively observed for first-order Bragg scattering of atoms from a standing light wave.
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Physical Review Letters
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Martin et al. (Mon,) studied this question.