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Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (DCEI) in combination with T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) for the detection of prostate cancer using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a phased‐array body coil. Materials and Methods: Fifty‐three patients with elevated serum levels of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated by T2WI, DWI, and DCEI prior to needle biopsy. The obtained data from T2WI alone (protocol A), a combination of T2WI and DWI (protocol B), a combination T2WI and DCEI (protocol C), and a combination of T2WI plus DWI and DCEI (protocol D) were subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (Az) for region‐based analysis were: 61%, 91%, 84%, and 0.8415, respectively, in protocol A; 76%, 94%, 90%, and 0.8931, respectively, in protocol B; 77%, 93%, 89%, and 0.8655, respectively, in protocol C; and 81%, 96%, 92%, and 0.8968, respectively in protocol D. ROC analysis revealed significant differences between protocols A and B ( P = 0.0008) and between protocols A and D ( P = 0.0004). Conclusion: In patients with elevated PSA levels the combination of T2WI, DWI, DCEI using 3 T MRI may be a reasonable approach for the detection of prostate cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:625–631. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kitajima et al. (Thu,) studied this question.