Factors affecting patella cartilage and bone in middle‐aged women

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of age, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on patella cartilage volume and defects and bone volume in middle-aged women without knee pain. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 176 healthy women, ages 40-67 years, without knee pain to measure patella cartilage and bone volume and patella cartilage defects. The effects of age, physical activity, BMI, smoking, and alcohol were analyzed to determine whether associations existed between these variables and patella cartilage and bone volume and cartilage defects. RESULTS: Patella cartilage volume decreased with age (P = 0.01) and BMI (P = 0.05) after adjusting for age and patella bone volume. Patella bone volume was positively associated with body height in both the univariate and multivariate models. Cartilage defects in the patellofemoral compartment were present in 36.4% of the study population. Age, weight, and BMI were positively associated with the presence of cartilage defects in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that although age is positively associated with both patella bone volume and cartilage defects, it is inversely associated with patella cartilage volume in healthy individuals. Moreover, BMI is inversely associated with both patella cartilage volume and patella bone volume in middle-aged women without knee osteoarthritis. Longitudinal studies will be required to determine whether avoiding a high BMI will reduce the risk of developing patellofemoral osteoarthritis.