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Recently, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have attracted considerable attention as a sustainable transport system and also an essential component of the smart grid. With the rapid growth of PHEVs penetration, the charging and discharging of PHEVs will pose a significant impact on the residential electricity distribution network. For this reason, the management of PHEV charging and discharging has become one of the key issues in the research of PHEVs. In most existing work, PHEVs are supposed to operate individually for charging and discharging in the grid. However, we argue that, by leveraging the cooperation among PHEVs, the grid will efficiently stimulate PHEV users to charge in load valley and discharge in load peak. As a consequence, the electricity load is well balanced. Meanwhile, the PHEV users also achieve higher profit. The PHEV charging and discharging cooperation is a win-win strategy for both the grid and the PHEV users. We formulate and resolve the PHEV charging and discharging cooperation in the framework of coalition game. The simulation results indicate that the peak-valley difference in electricity load of the grid is significantly reduced. Besides, the PHEV users have better satisfaction in the vehicle battery status and the economic profit.
Yu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.