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Lithium ions in LiFePO(4) were observed directly at atomic resolution by an aberration-corrected annular-bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy technique. In addition, it was found in partially delithiated LiFePO(4) that the remaining lithium ions preferably occupy every second layer, along the b axis, analogously to the staging phenomenon observed in some layered intercalation compounds. This new finding challenges previously proposed LiFePO(4)/FePO(4) two-phase separation mechanisms.
Gu et al. (2011) studied this question.