The Structure of Perceptions of Time

Several promising survey instruments recently have emerged to assess time structuring and time management practices and behaviors. The present study evaluated the Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ) of M. J. Bond and N. T. Feather and the Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS) of T. H. Macan and colleagues by analyzing item content, subscale score reliabilities, and factor structures. A sample of 701 American working adults completed the 20-item TSQ (N= 453 for the 46-item TMBS). Results confirmed that four of five TSQ subscales should appear in their original formats and that truncated versions of the four TMBS subscales and of the remaining TSQ subscale should be adopted. The study affirmed the importance of examining TSQ and TMBS subscales rather than simply aggregate scores and of achieving uniformity in subscale composition in future research.