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This paper outlines the normative approach to intergroup harmony and intergroup conflict. It illustrates the power of racial norms in research conducted in the United States. It also indicates potential weaknesses of normative theory in this and other social scientific areas of inquiry. The normative approach is illustrated with research conducted by the author over the past 35 years in such conflict-ridden interracial situations as the southern United States and the Republic of South Africa as well as in the more harmonious intergroup context of The Netherlands. The paper advances a speculative application of normative theory to ethnic tensions currently arising in many develcping countries. It also discusses social psychological processes underlying change in intergroup norms.
Thomas F. Pettigrew (Fri,) studied this question.