Direct Synthesis of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines by Using Heterogeneous Catalysts: Evidence of Surface Carboxylates as Activated Electrophilic Species

Amide synthesis: In situ IR spectroscopy and HRMS provided evidence of the activation of surface carboxylates at mild temperatures (about 323 K) for the direct synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and amines.