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Gradient methods are applied to load-flow studies. It is shown that these are more relevant to the problem statement than the known methods. Steepest-descent and conjugate-gradient methods are adapted, but the main point made is that the load-flow can be reformulated as an optimization problem, thereby permitting recourse to other optimization methods. The numerical results obtained imply that such reformulation may reduce the required computer time.
Y. Wallach (Wed,) studied this question.