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Effective psychotherapy builds on a strong foundation developing as early as the first session. The aim of this review is to identify clinical research related to nonspecific (i.e., common factors) treatment effects and to expand upon those findings in developing techniques for applied clinical practice. Clinicians across treatment modalities can implement these techniques that are informed by empirical evidence in an effort to develop a collaborative treatment relationship with new patients. Three therapeutic principles identified in this review are: fostering positive expectancies, role preparation, and collaborative goal formation. Research related to these factors is reviewed as are suggestions for implementing them into applied clinical practice during early treatment interventions.
DeFife et al. (Wed,) studied this question.