Bio-based solvents: an emerging generation of fluids for the design of eco-efficient processes in catalysis and organic chemistry

Biomass and waste exhibit great potential for replacing fossil resources in the production of chemicals. The search for alternative reaction media to replace petroleum-based solvents commonly used in chemical processes is an important objective of significant environmental consequence. Recently, bio-based derivatives have been either used entirely as green solvents or utilized as pivotal ingredients for the production of innovative solvents potentially less toxic and more bio-compatible. This review presents the background and classification of these new media and highlights recent advances in their use in various areas including organic synthesis, catalysis, biotransformation and separation. The greenness, advantages and limitations of these solvents are also discussed.