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From thermodynamic and causality considerations a general upper bound on the rate at which information can be transferred in terms of the message energy is inferred. This bound is consistent with Shannon's bounds for a band-limited channel. It prescribes the minimum energy cost for information transferred over a given time interval. As an application, a fundamental upper bound of 10^15 operations/sec on the speed of an ideal digital computer is established.
Jacob D. Bekenstein (Mon,) studied this question.