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We demonstrate high-efficiency organic light-emitting devices employing the green electrophosphorescent molecule, fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium Ir(ppy)3, doped into various electron-transport layer (ETL) hosts. Using 3-phenyl-4-(1′-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole as the host, a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 15.4±0.2% and a luminous power efficiency of 40±2 Im/W are achieved. We show that very high internal quantum efficiencies (approaching 100%) are achieved for organic phosphors with low photoluminescence efficiencies due to fundamental differences in the relationship between electroluminescence from triplet and singlet excitons. Based on the performance characteristics of single and double heterostructures, we conclude that exciton formation in Ir(ppy)3 occurs within close proximity to the hole-transport layer/ETL:Ir(ppy)3 interface.
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