Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
ELLEN B. RUDY, PHD, RN, FAAN, is dean and professor, University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA. PATRICIA J. ESTOK, PHD, RN, FAAN, is a professor, Kent State University, School of Nursing, Kent, OH. MARY E. KERR, PHD, RN, is an assistant professor, University of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA. LINDA MENZEL, PHD, RN, is an assistant professor, University of Wisconsin at Milivankee, Milwaukee, wl.
Rudy et al. (1994) studied this question.