Selective site pacing at the right ventricular outflow tract holds promise for reducing adverse effects of traditional apical pacing, though current data are conflicting.
Does selective site ventricular pacing (right ventricular outflow tract) improve ventricular function and clinical outcomes compared to traditional right ventricular apex pacing?
Selective site ventricular pacing, particularly at the right ventricular outflow tract, holds promise for reducing adverse effects of chronic apical pacing, but current evidence is conflicting and requires large randomized trials.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The traditional site for ventricular pacing, the right ventricular apex, produces an abnormal pattern of ventricular depolarization and there is growing evidence that pacing from this site is associated with adverse functional and structural changes in the left ventricle. This is manifest clinically as an increased morbidity and mortality. These observations have fuelled interest in pacing at sites alternative to the right ventricular apex. In this article, we review the evidence for selective site pacing, focusing mainly on the right ventricular outflow tract. RECENT FINDINGS: Data are conflicting on the acute and medium-term effects of right ventricular outflow tract pacing. Although a recent meta-analysis has suggested acute benefit from pacing at this site, the data are confounded by poor definition of the outflow tract and the non-randomized nature of most trials. There is a need for standardization of nomenclature and better definition of non-apical sites. Long-term data on chronic pacing are limited, with two studies showing equivalency between apical and outflow tract pacing. In another two studies, right ventricular outflow tract pacing was associated with improved ejection fraction. SUMMARY: Selective site pacing holds promise in attempting to reduce the problems associated with chronic ventricular pacing. Large, prospective, randomized control trials are needed.
McGavigan et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Ventricular pacing. Selective site pacing (right ventricular outflow tract) vs. Right ventricular apex pacing was evaluated. Selective site pacing at the right ventricular outflow tract holds promise for reducing adverse effects of traditional apical pacing, though current data are conflicting.