UV Radiation, Latitude, and Melanoma in US Hispanics and Blacks

BACKGROUND: Little information exists on the epidemiology of melanoma and the role of solar radiation in the development of melanoma in pigmented populations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between exposure to solar radiation and the incidence of melanoma in US Hispanics and blacks. DESIGN: Population-based ecological study. SETTING: State cancer registries of New York, New Jersey, Illinois, California, Texas, and Florida. Subjects Patients with invasive melanoma recorded by cancer registries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We obtained age-adjusted, race/ethnicity- and sex-specific incidence rates of melanoma from similar time periods from the 6 cancer registries. The incidence rates were correlated with the annual mean UV index and the latitude of residency. RESULTS: For both Hispanics and blacks, the incidence of melanoma was positively associated with the UV index and negatively associated with the latitude of residency. Statistically significant correlation between melanoma and the UV index (R = 0.93; P =.01) and latitude (R = -0.80; P =.05) was observed in black males. Hispanics and blacks have a significantly lower incidence of melanoma than whites, with blacks having the lowest rates of melanoma. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to solar radiation appears to play a role in the development of melanoma in both Hispanics and blacks. Sun protection and melanoma risk education should be performed in these populations.