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A new device that can be used as a light modulator as well as an optical directional coupler is proposed. It consists of p+,n,n+,n and n+-type semiconductor layers. Two n-type layers operate as coupled optical waveguides. The exchange of light power between two coupled waveguides can be controlled by a reverse voltage applied on the p+-n junction. When the voltage was changed from 0 to 10 V in a GaAs test sample of length 1 mm, the output light power from each guide changed by approximately 15% of the total output light power from the two guides at a wavelength of 1.15 μm.
Tada et al. (1974) studied this question.