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Both passive and active remote sensing of atmospheric precipitation are studied with the vector radiative transfer equations by making use of the Mie scattering phase functions and incorporating the raindrop-size distributions. For passive remote sensing we employ the Gaussian quadrature method to solve for the brightness temperatures. For active remote sensing an iterative approach carrying out to the second order in albedo is used to calculate for the bistatic scattering coefficients, the backscattering cross sections/unit volume, and the interchannel cross talks. The calculated results are plotted as a function of rainfall rates and compared to various available experimental data. The theoretical model is easily applied to the remote sensing of aerosol particles, smoke, fog, and haze at infrared and visible frequencies.
Jin et al. (Thu,) studied this question.