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A distribution network with renewable and fossil-based resources can be operated as a micro-grid, in autonomous or nonautonomous modes. Autonomous operation of a distribution network requires cautious planning. In this context, a detailed methodology to develop a sustainable autonomous micro-grid is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology suggests novel sizing and siting strategies for distributed generators and structural modifications for autonomous micro-grids. The optimal sites and corresponding sizes of renewable resources for autonomous operation are obtained using particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm-based optimization techniques. Structural modifications based on ranking of buses have been attempted for improving the voltage profile of the system, resulting in reduction of real power distribution losses. The proposed methodology is adopted for a standard 33-bus distribution system to operate as an autonomous micro-grid. Results confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach in transforming an existing radial distribution network into an autonomous micro-grid.
Kirthiga et al. (Wed,) studied this question.