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Attitudes to female social roles may be relevant to menstrual and premenstrual symptoms. Rejection of femininity is reported to be associated with disturbances of menstruation and levels of symptomatology (Menninger, 1939; Fortin et al ., 1958; Berry & McGuire, 1972), but more feminine (Gough, 1975) and traditional women (Paige, 1973) are also said to suffer more than other groups. The interpretation of studies is difficult, though, since different concepts and measures are used.
Slade et al. (Sun,) studied this question.