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The interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter is sensitive to various temporal and spatial scales. This allows probing the dynamics and structure of molecular processes at interfaces, macroscopic structural states of porous materials as well as altering of rock formations in the subsurface. Hence, high-frequency (radio to microwave) electromagnetic sensing techniques offer the possibility to monitor variations of soil physical state parameters, for example, the volume fraction of free pore water, with high spatial (from centimetre to kilometre) and temporal (from seconds to years) resolution. Against this background, these techniques become increasingly used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering in order to quantitatively explore and examine soil both in laboratory and field investigations.
Wagner et al. (Thu,) studied this question.