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A chemically modified electrode composed of nickel oxyhydroxide film deposited on noble metals (i.e., gold or platinum) was characterized in an alkaline medium by cyclic voltammetry and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) techniques. The nickel was deposited on the gold substrate in an alkaline medium by various strategies: cycling the potential between -0.1 and 0.65 V vs SCE, in potentiostatic conditions at potentials comprised between 0.0 and 0.55 V and by simple immersion of the electrode in non-deaerated 0.2 M NaOH solutions containing 3 mM K2Ni(CN)4. The effects of several experimental parameters such as applied potentials, pH, tetracyanonickelate concentration, electrode substrate, etc., on the nickel film formation and growth were evaluated. The electroactivity of the resulting composite gold-nickel electrode was investigated in an alkaline medium toward the oxidation of carbohydrates using arabinose as a model compound.
Casella et al. (2000) studied this question.