Electromagnetic effect on the toroidal ion temperature gradient mode

A systematic study of the electromagnetic effects on the toroidal ion temperature gradient mode is presented using the local and nonlocal theories with the full kinetic terms. For the nonlocal study, a numerical code is developed to solve the electromagnetic gyrokinetic equation in the ballooning space. The electromagnetic coupling to the shear Alfvén mode is shown to give a stabilization of the toroidal temperature gradient mode at almost the same plasma pressure as that at which the kinetically modified magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ballooning mode becomes destabilized. The transitional β value is shown to be lower in the full kinetic description than in the fluid theory. Possible correlations of these stability results with experimental observations are discussed.