Quantum criticality as a resource for quantum estimation

We address quantum critical systems as a resource in quantum estimation and derive the ultimate quantum limits to the precision of any estimator of the coupling parameters. In particular, if L denotes the size of a system and is the relevant coupling parameters driving a quantum phase transition, we show that a precision improvement of order 1∕L may be achieved in the estimation of at the critical point compared to the noncritical case. We show that analog results hold for temperature estimation in classical phase transitions. Results are illustrated by means of a specific example involving a fermion tight-binding model with pair creation (BCS model).