Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Two hundred and fifty cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) are described. One hundred and fifty cases were treated in two stages, 100 in a single stage. The one-stage method has been shown to be as safe as the two-stage method but should be reserved for those with experience of the technique and who possess adequate instrumentation. PNL has proved to be a preferable option to open stone surgery and a useful alternative to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
Wickham et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: