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Processors in portable electronic devices generally have a computational load which has time-varying performance requirements. Dynamic Voltage Scaling is a method to vary the processors supply voltage so that it consumes the minimal amount of energy by operating at the minimum performance level required by the active software processes. A dynamically varying supply voltage has implications on the processor circuit design and design flow, but with some minimal constraints it is straightforward to design a processor with this capability.
Burd et al. (Sat,) studied this question.