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The quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase is a time reversal invariant electronic state with a bulk electronic band gap that supports the transport of charge and spin in gapless edge states. We show that this phase is associated with a novel Z₂ topological invariant, which distinguishes it from an ordinary insulator. The Z₂ classification, which is defined for time reversal invariant Hamiltonians, is analogous to the Chern number classification of the quantum Hall effect. We establish the Z₂ order of the QSH phase in the two band model of graphene and propose a generalization of the formalism applicable to multiband and interacting systems.
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Kane et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69001fcdbc792ed11ff301d0 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.95.146802
C. L. Kane
E. J. Melé
Physical Review Letters
University of Pennsylvania
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