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In a recent article, Millman, Bishop and Ebel (1965, p. 707) defined test-wiseness as a subject's capacity to utilize the characteristics and formats of the test and/or the test-taking situation to receive a high score. An empirical cross cultural study (Millman and Setijadi, 1966) showed that test-wiseness gave American college students a significant advantage over Indonesian students on a test with a multiple choice format. This finding indicates that testwiseness is an important source of variance when comparing the scores earned by two groups whose test-taking experience differs markedly. In the present study, this issue is considered for pupils who are relatively homogenous with respect to their previous experience in taking tests.
Leonard H. Kreit (Fri,) studied this question.