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This paper describes the development of a simulation environment for the evaluation of the performance of various controls of a set of common ice storage systems. The cooling plant used for this evaluation consisted of one chiller for icemaking and chilled-water modes, an ice storage, an air-handling unit, a condenser, and all required fans and pumps. The plant model allows the selection of one of three ice storage systems as well as one of three compressor types. Components are modeled using polynomial fits to manufacturers' data. Using dimensionless parameters, components can be scaled to arrive at a proper cooling plant design. The performance of a selected cooling plant configuration can be assessed for three conventional control strategies (chiller-priority, constant-proportion, and storage-priority control) and compared to optimal control that achieves the theoretical maximum of operating cost savings. Optimal control is found using a dynamic programming based global search in the domain of on-peak and off-peak demands. Mixed integer programming is used for validation using a linear plant model. A set of artificial rate structures with marked characteristics is applied to generate results that allow the discussion of fundamental features of cool storage control. The effect of non-cooling electrical loads on optimal control is illustrated.
Henze et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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