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A powerful paradigm for teacher educa tion can be developed on the basis of the construct of teacher efficacy. Ashton as serts that no other teacher characteris tic has demonstrated such a consistent relationship to student achievement. A teacher education program that has as its aim the development of teacher effi cacy, and which includes the essential components of a motivation change pro gram, should develop teachers who possess the motivation essential for ef fective classroom performance.
Patricia M.E. Ashton (Sat,) studied this question.