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Free Ca2+ inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (Ca2+SR) is difficult to measure yet critically important in controlling many cellular systems. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+SR regulates cardiac contractility. We directly measure Ca2+SR in intact cardiac myocytes dynamically and quantitatively during beats, with high spatial resolution. Diastolic Ca2+SR (1 to 1.5 mmol/L) is only partially depleted (24% to 63%) during contraction. There is little temporal delay in the decline in Ca2+SR at release junctions and between junctions, indicating rapid internal diffusion. The incomplete local Ca2+ release shows that the inherently positive feedback of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release terminates, despite a large residual driving force. These findings place stringent novel constraints on how excitation-contraction coupling works in heart and also reveal a Ca2+ store reserve that could in principle be a therapeutic target to enhance cardiac function in heart failure.
Shannon et al. (Tue,) studied this question.