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Following self-labeling theory, data assessing the relations between deviance from sex-linked normative emotional styles and psychological distress were gathered on medical students surveyed at two times. The data show that isolation of affect by women and the expression of strong interpersonal dependency needs by men are linked to distress. Moreover, medical school emotion norms appear to require females to relinquish female normative styles to avoid suffering from distress.
Judith A. Richman (Thu,) studied this question.