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This paper discusses setpoint-control strategies for thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) in a competitive electricity market, with the electric water heater load used as an example. By varying the TCA thermostat settings, the TCA power consumption can be shifted from the high-price period to the low-price period to reduce the peak-load and energy cost. Economic benefits and impacts on distribution feeder load shapes when applying different setpoint-control strategies are studied.
Lü et al. (Wed,) studied this question.