Evaluation of the Technique Used by Health-Care Workers for Taking Blood Pressure

The precise guidelines recommended by the American Heart Association for blood pressure measurement are commonly overlooked by health-care workers, who generally take blood pressure in an arbitrary way. To validate this observation we designed a descriptive and observational study to be carried out in a major hospital. One hundred and seventy-two health-care workers divided into four groups (63 general practitioners, 25 clinical and 25 surgical specialists, and 59 nurses) were evaluated in a two-part test. In the first part (practical), the examinee had to follow all the steps recommended by the American Heart Association to get a passing score. In the second part (theoretical, which came second to avoid influencing the practical), the examinee had to answer correctly 7 of 10 questions based on the American Heart Association's guidelines to obtain a passing score. The highest accepted variation in systolic and diastolic pressures between examinee and observer was +/- 4 mm Hg. None of the examinees followed the American Heart Association's recommendations. Sixty-three percent of systolic and 53% of diastolic readings were out of range. Surgical specialists obtained the best practical results (48% systolic and 64% diastolic within range), and nurses obtained the lowest values (29% and 39%, respectively; P = .03 versus surgical specialists). These two groups showed deficiencies in the theoretical test (nurses, 10% correct answers and surgical specialists, 16%). Clinical specialists obtained the best results on the theoretical test (60% correct; P < .05 versus the other groups) but were deficient in the practical test (32% systolic and 60% diastolic within range).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)