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This paper presents an advanced finite-element model for analyzing the dynamic behavior of electromechanical devices. The numerical approach includes nonlinear supply circuits, eddy-current and hysteresis effects, and mechanical quantities. The motion of the armature can be handled by means of two alternative approaches, based on the overlapping mesh or on the coupling of finite-element and boundary-element methods. The paper validates the model by comparing it to experimental results on an ac electromagnet with shading rings and then applies it to the analysis of fast actuators.
Bottauscio et al. (Sat,) studied this question.