Justice as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Methods of Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

This study examined relationships among three methods of leader monitoring, employee perceptions of workplace justice, and employee citizenship behavior. We hypothesized that monitoring would negatively affect citizenship because close control may keep employees from performing duties seen as extra and perhaps not leading to rewards. However, we also hypothesized that monitoring's focus on gathering unbiased information would positively influence employees' perceptions of fairness, which have been found to predict citizenship behavior. Results of structural equations modeling used to test direct and indirect relationships among the variables indicated that the monitoring method of observation negatively influenced citizenship but also had a positive influence through its effect on perceptions of fairness.